Onsite sanitation System ppt
Onsite sanitation System ppt
Published on 08/02/2022
Onsite sanitation
Onsite sanitation (or on-site sanitation) is defined as “a sanitation system in which excreta and wastewater are collected and stored or treated on the plot”.
Hydrogeology
- Hydrogeology (hydro- meaning water, and -geology meaning the study of the Earth) is the area of geology that deals with the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth’s crust (commonly in aquifers).
Septic tank
- A septic tank is an underground chamber made of concrete, fiberglass, or plastic through which domestic wastewater flows for basic treatment. Settling and anaerobic processes reduce solids and organics, but the treatment efficiency is only moderate. Septic tank systems are a type of simple onsite sewage facility.
Single pit Septic tank
A pit latrine, also known as pit toilet or long drop, is a type of toilet that collects human feces in a hole in the ground. Urine and feces enter the pit through a drop hole in the floor, which might be connected to a toilet seat or squatting pan for user comfort. Pit latrines can be built to function without water (dry toilet) or they can have a water seal (pour-flush pit latrine). When properly built and maintained, pit latrines can decrease the spread of disease by reducing the amount of human feces in the environment from open defecation. This decreases the transfer of pathogens between feces and food by flies. These pathogens are major causes of infectious diarrhea and intestinal worm infections. nfectious diarrhea resulted in about 700,000 deaths in children under five years old in 2011 and 250 million lost school days. Pit latrines are a low cost method of separating feces from people.
Double Pit Septic Tank
- Twin-pit for pour-flush toilets are improved pit latrines, which allow on-site treatment and transformation of faecal sludge into a hygienized soil amendment. They have been constructed over the past 30 years mainly in India, Bangladesh and Nepal.
Small bore Systems
Simplified sewerage, also called small-bore sewerage, is a sewer system that collects all household wastewater (blackwater and greywater) in small-diameter pipes laid at fairly flat gradients. … It has been estimated that simplified sewerage reduces investment costs by up to 50% compared to conventional sewerage.
Bio digester
Anaerobic digestion is a collection of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. The process is used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste or to produce fuels.
Reed beds
Reed beds are aquatic plant based systems which allow bacteria, fungi and algae to digest the sewage and clean the water. There are two basic types of reed bed – vertical flow and horizontal flow – and the best system often results from combining the two.
Constructed wetland
A constructed wetland (CW) is an artificial wetland to treat municipal or industrial wastewater, greywater or stormwater runoff. It may also be designed for land reclamation after mining, or as a mitigation step for natural areas lost to land development.
Sewage sludge
Sewage sludge is the residual, semi-solid material that is produced as a by-product during sewage treatment of industrial or municipal wastewater. The term “septage” also refers to sludge from simple wastewater treatment but is connected to simple on-site sanitation systems, such as septic tanks.
Sewage sludge Management
Sewage sludge treatment describes the processes used to manage and dispose of sewage sludge produced during sewage treatment. … Coarse primary solids and secondary sewage sludge may include toxic chemicals removed from liquid sewage by sorption onto solid particles in clarifier sludge.